Synovial Fluid Analysis Test
A synovial fluid analysis is a group of tests that checks for changes in your joint fluid to help find the cause of joint pain and swelling.
What this test measures
This test measures the appearance, chemical content, and microscopic substances in synovial fluid, such as color, thickness, glucose, protein, uric acid, crystals, and bacteria.
What your results mean
Reference ranges vary by laboratory and by your age and sex. MedlinePlus does not publish a single normal range for this test — always read your result against the range printed on your own lab report and discuss it with your provider.
Higher-than-normal results
Abnormal synovial fluid may be a sign of a type of arthritis, a bleeding disorder, or a bacterial infection.
Frequently asked questions
What is synovial fluid?
Synovial fluid, also known as joint fluid, is a thick liquid between your joints that cushions and protects the ends of bones and reduces friction during movement.
Why is a synovial fluid analysis done?
It is used to help diagnose the cause of joint pain and inflammation, such as arthritis, gout, infection, or a bleeding disorder.
What does the analysis include?
The analysis usually includes a check of the fluid's appearance, chemical tests for glucose, protein, and uric acid, and microscopic analysis for crystals, bacteria, and other substances.
What does abnormal synovial fluid look like?
Normal synovial fluid is light yellow, clear, and a little sticky. Abnormal fluid may be cloudy and thicker or thinner than normal.
What conditions can abnormal results indicate?
Abnormal results may be a sign of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, a bacterial infection, or a bleeding disorder like hemophilia.
Related lab tests
Sources
- MedlinePlus: Synovial Fluid Analysis — NIH MedlinePlus
Last updated . Information is aggregated from official public sources and is not a substitute for professional medical care.