Skip to content
FreeDoctor.org

Chickenpox and Shingles Tests Test

Chickenpox and shingles tests check for the varicella zoster virus (VZV), which causes chickenpox and shingles. The tests can show if you have a current infection or if you have been infected in the past.

What this test measures

These tests look for VZV in a blood, fluid, or tissue sample. They may detect the virus's genetic material (PCR), the virus itself (viral culture or DFA), or antibodies your immune system made against the virus (antibody test).

What your results mean

Reference ranges vary by laboratory and by your age and sex. MedlinePlus does not publish a single normal range for this test — always read your result against the range printed on your own lab report and discuss it with your provider.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between chickenpox and shingles?

Chickenpox is the first infection with the varicella zoster virus. After you recover, the virus stays dormant in nerve cells and can later reactivate to cause shingles.

Can you get chickenpox more than once?

No, once you have had chickenpox, you cannot get it again. However, you can get shingles more than once, though it is rare.

What types of tests are used for VZV?

Tests include PCR (looks for viral genetic material), viral culture (grows the virus in a lab), DFA (uses a fluorescent dye to detect the virus), and antibody tests (blood test for immune proteins).

Who is at higher risk for complications from VZV?

People at higher risk include pregnant women, infants, teens and adults with chickenpox symptoms, and those with weakened immune systems (e.g., from HIV, cancer, organ transplant, or certain medicines).

What does a positive antibody test mean if I have no symptoms?

It means you either had chickenpox in the past or received the chickenpox vaccine, so you have immunity to chickenpox.

Related lab tests

Sources

Last updated . Information is aggregated from official public sources and is not a substitute for professional medical care.