Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) Test Test
This test looks for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in your blood. These antibodies attack healthy white blood cells and can cause autoimmune vasculitis, which inflames and narrows blood vessels. The test helps diagnose vasculitis or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
What this test measures
This test measures antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in a blood sample. There are two main types, pANCA and cANCA, each targeting a specific protein inside white blood cells.
What your results mean
Reference ranges vary by laboratory and by your age and sex. MedlinePlus does not publish a single normal range for this test — always read your result against the range printed on your own lab report and discuss it with your provider.
Higher-than-normal results
A positive result means that ANCAs were found in your blood sample. This may mean you have autoimmune vasculitis. The type of ANCA found can help diagnose which type of vasculitis you have.
Lower-than-normal results
A negative result means that no ANCAs were found in your blood sample. Your symptoms probably aren't caused by autoimmune vasculitis.
Frequently asked questions
What does ANCA stand for?
ANCA stands for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies.
What are the two main types of ANCA?
The two main types are pANCA and cANCA.
What conditions can an ANCA test help diagnose?
It helps diagnose autoimmune vasculitis and types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
What does a positive ANCA result mean?
A positive result means ANCAs were found, which may indicate autoimmune vasculitis. Further tests are needed to confirm.
Can an ANCA test monitor treatment?
Yes, it can be used to monitor treatment for autoimmune vasculitis, but it isn't always an accurate measure of disease activity.
Related lab tests
Sources
- MedlinePlus: Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) Test — NIH MedlinePlus
Last updated . Information is aggregated from official public sources and is not a substitute for professional medical care.